Local Community Perspectives on the Implications of E-Fence as a Nature-Based Coastal Protection Strategy in Malaysia

Abstract

Coastal erosion is a growing challenge, especially on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, threatening both the environment and the community. Numerous coastal structures have been implemented in the last decade; however, only a few studies have examined their livelihood implications. Therefore, this study evaluates the role of E-Fence as a sustainable coastal erosion mitigation measure and explores preliminary community perspectives on its socioeconomic benefits. Field observations were performed to compare beach profiles with and without E-Fence structures using theodolite and total station surveying. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted to capture the community's perspective on the E-Fence. Analysis using the Profiler 3.2 XL program indicates dune restoration in the transect protected by the structures. Meanwhile, the survey revealed predominantly positive feedback, indicating strong community acceptance of the eco-engineering approach to beach stabilization. Overall, E-Fence emerges as an effective nature-based coastal structure that enhances beach stabilization and provides indirect livelihood benefits by protecting economic activities, including restaurants and small-scale fisheries.