River Health Index: A Review on Current Assessment Practice in Malaysia Towards a Holistic Evaluation of River Health

Abstract

Assessing the health of river systems is a crucial endeavour that requires a multifaceted approach. This paper explores the key components of river health evaluation, integrating physical, chemical, biological, and socioeconomic indicators. Fluvial geomorphology provides valuable insights into the river's dynamic characteristics, while ecological indicators, such as fish and macroinvertebrates, serve as sensitive markers of environmental change. Sociological factors, including stakeholder involvement and land use patterns, further highlight the complex interactions between human communities and river ecosystems. To develop a comprehensive River Health Index (RHI), the study proposes the use of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize and weigh the relative importance of diverse indicators. This structured approach ensures a balanced and context-specific assessment, reflecting the unique needs and challenges of the river system. Stakeholder engagement emerges as a vital component, fostering local knowledge integration and promoting adaptive management practices. By adopting this holistic framework, river managers and policymakers can make informed decisions that safeguard the long-term sustainability and resilience of these vital natural resources.